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History of the world economy.
The world economy was accompanied by high rates of consumption of primary energy sources, especially oil. If the total energy use in the period from 1900 to 1980. increased 10-fold (from 0.7 to 7 billion tones of BC), the oil-in 150-fold (from 0.02 to 3 billion tons of N. e.), and its share in global energy balance with 2.8% in 1900 rose to 43% in 1980 Such a rapid increase in the role of oil in providing energy and other needs of the global economy contributed to a number of factors.
First, the unique physical and chemical properties of oil compared to other known sources of raw materials allow the complex to use the products of its processing in the form of high-quality engine and boiler and furnace fuels - about 89% of world consumption of petroleum products, raw materials for chemical and petrochemical industry - about 6 % of world consumption of petroleum products, fuel products is not the destination - lubricating oils, road and construction bitumen, electrode coke, and others - about 5% of world consumption of petroleum products.
Second, the growth in oil demand served motivating impetus to scientific and technological progress in the field of petroleum geology and exploration, drilling, petroleum engineering, with the result, since the beginning of the century to 60 years are open and involved in the commercial development of the largest deposits Oil in the Middle East, Africa and Latin America, the United States and the Soviet Union with a relatively low cost in its production and transportation.
Third, high body-mass energy density of fuel oil in combination with technical advances in pipeline, rail, sea and river transport resulted in lower transport costs compared to the transport of other primary energy sources and allowed to deliver oil in places far from the areas of production of thousands of kilometers.
Upon delivery of an equivalent amount of energy the same distance pipeline transportation of oil reduced costs in the 4 - 6 times cheaper than natural gas transmission, while sea transport - to 7-fold, respectively (transport gas is in liquefied form by tanker).
Fourth, the development process and refining schemes allow flexibility to respond to consumer demands for change in volume, variety and quality of petroleum products, and improving transport and marketing infrastructure to create the necessary convenience for consumers.
And finally, the decisive factor that determined the growth rates of oil consumption especially during the 50s - early 70s (before 1973) - low world prices are formed mainly on the basis of costs of oil production in the Near and Middle East. Dynamics and structure of oil consumption by major sector of the economy - transport, industry, electricity, services and trade, housing and domestic - are
different nature from country to country depending on their level of economic development, property, or those of other energy sources, socio-economic conditions and other factors.