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REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY PETROL.
During the long period of operation of internal combustion engines for various types of vehicles - cars, marine and river vessels, aircraft devices, industrial and agricultural tractors, have developed certain requirements for the quality of motor fuels in terms of their purpose and conditions of use. These requirements
Constantly changing under the influence of improved internal combustion engine, the expansion of their scope, the availability of oil resources and have had some, often crucial to the development of processes and patterns of oil refining. Traditionally, internal combustion engines have been focused on the use of petroleum fuels that are organically made a triad of "engine - fuel refinery." Changing the technical and operational parameters of engine accompanied by changes in the quality characteristics of fuels (and lubricants as well), which, in turn, led to the development of the technology of petroleum products.
Thus, increasing the compression ratio in carbureted engines caused a tightening of antiknock gasoline. This has stimulated the development of processes in the refining industry, targeted at increasing octane number of gasoline and aviation - first heat and then the catalytic polymerization, isomerization development and technical improvement of these processes are integrally linked with the growth requirements for gasoline octane characteristics. Reliability and durability of gasoline, diesel and jet fuel are largely dependent on the presence of sulfur in the fuel, nitrogen and other heteroatom natural compounds. To remove these compounds have been developed and widely used processes of hydro fuel fractions - gasoline, kerosene and diesel. As a result, reduced the content of hydro forming heteroatom compounds and unsaturated hydrocarbons, which increases the chemical and thermal stability of fuels, reliability and service life of the engine.
The need to optimize the quality of motor fuels is also due to the limited world oil reserves and increasing its value. An important factor is the volume and structural changes in the consumption of motor fuels.
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